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Mississippi River Timeline
(Minneapolis/St.Paul-Iowa border)

6000 BC prehistoric people and their dogs hunt bison near headwaters
1000 BC people arrive in northern Minnesota and establish what was later labeled the Blackduck Culture, which prevailed until the 17th century
1492 first Europeans come to North America
1600's Dakota dominate most of Minnesota region; Ojibwe migrate from east into area in latter part of the century
1673 Marquette and Joliet record discovery of Upper Mississippi River
1695 Pierre LeSueur in charge of Fort Isle Pel'ee (Prairie Island)
1766 Jonathan Carver, adventurer, visits St. Anthony Falls
1782 smallpox plague, brought from Europe, wipes out entire Native American villages along the Mississippi and throughout Midwest
1805 Lt. Zebulon Pike secures from the Dakota 100,000 acres at the junction of the Mississippi and Minnesota Riversfor trade goods valued at $200
1819 construction of Fort Coldwater (Fort Snelling) begins
1823 first steamboat comes up the River to Fort Snelling; stops at Dakota village site named Hoo-poo-hoo-d oo-ta(later Red Wing)
1837 U. S. government secures from Native Americans the triangle of land formed by the St. Croix and the Mississippi Rivers; logging commences with fervor
1840 white settlers pour into Minnesota
1848 Franklin Steele opens sawmill at St. Anthony Falls
1849 construction of Fort Gaines, renamed Fort Ripley, beginsfirst Minnesota newspaper, the Minnesota Pioneer,is printed by James Goodhue in St. Paul
1850 6000 white people living in Minnesota Territory; ten years later nearly 200,000 living in the new state trading post opens at Oliver's Grove, later called Hastings
1851 treaty signing at Traverse des Sioux and Mendota, Dakota sell 24 million acres to U.S. government, all their land in southern and western Minnesota except for a small reservation set aside for them along the Minnesota River;price:about 12-1/2 cents an acre, to be paid in cash, food, seeds & tools; much of the money goes directly to white traders who claim the Indians owe them first permanent white settlers start new life in Winona
1852 lumber business starts up in Winona, an assembly point for logs floating down the River, city becomes major logging center
1855 river ferry links LaCrescent with LaCrosse,Wisconsin first sawmill commences business in Winona; railroad arrives founding of Hamline University at Red Wing
1856 the Anderson House opens in Wabasha; still operating in 1993
1858 1068 steamboats arrive in St. Paul, bringing hordes of immigrants Minnesota becomes a state
1864 Legislature approves Lake City as a grain marketing port
1869 15 sawmills operating at or near St. Anthony Falls
1870 Red Wing becomes largest primary wheat market in the world
1880 bridge over River connects Fort Snelling and St. Paul
1884 Army Corps of Engineers construct six dams on the River
1912 in Minnesota to stabilize water levels downstream
1890 tornado capsizes steamboat "Sea Wing" near Red Wing; 98 of 203 drown, including many local residents
1892 wagon toll-bridge operates on River at Winona
1900 logging declining in Minnesota, River loses importance
1930 logging industry gives way to tourism
1938 idea of Great River Road Parkway along Mississippi conceived
1946 Fort Snelling closes as a military post
1988 Congress designates River, from Dayton to Hastings, as the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area

compiled by Andrea Lee Lambrecht - 11/93

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